Hispaniola Pacification Campaign
In March 1495, in Hispaniola Christopher Columbus led first organized slaughter of native Americans to “pacify” them in order to enact his hand-amputating, gold-acquiring “tribute system.”
Xaraguá Massacre
In 1503 in Xaraguá, Hispaniola, the governor of Hispaniola, Nicolas de Ovando, led expedition to “improve relations” with remaining unconquered Native Americans of the island and, in a surprise attack on their hosts, they slaughtered hundreds of leaders of southwestern Hispaniola.
Cuba Expedition under Diego Velázquez
In 1511, as gold & slaves ran low on Hispaniola, a Spanish expedition to Cuba pursued the Native American survivors of the 1503 Xaraguá Massacre & slaughtered native Cubans along the way.
Pacra Massacre
In 1513, in Pacra, Panama, during a Spanish expedition to discover Pacific Ocean, Native Americans staged a night attack on sleeping village. Forty men fed to the Spaniards’ dogs for the crime of “dressing like women.”
Tlaxcalan Massacre
In 1519, on way to Tenochtitlán, Cortes’s invasion encounters Tlaxcala Native Americans, who fiercely resist the Spaniards. After Cortex's men burned ten towns & slaughtered thousands of Native Americans, the Tlaxcalans surrendered & became Cortes’s most significant ally against the Aztecs.
Cholula Massacre
In 1519, on way to Aztec capital, Hernan Cortes reported in his Second Letter to King Charles of Spain, Letters from Mexico, that he visited religious center of Cholula, Mexico & slaughtered the Native Americans of the city whom he accused of “plotting” against him.
Huitzilopochtli Festival Massacre
In 1520, in Tenochtitlan, Mexico, while Cortes was away battling other Spaniards, Pedro Alvarado led massacre during a Native American Huitzilopochtli festival, justifying it by accusing the Native Americans of “plotting” against the Spaniards.
Post-siege Massacre of Tenochtitlan
In 1521, After the successful siege & destruction of Tenochtitlan, Mexico, the Aztec capital city, most of the city’s Native Americans were put to death.
Cajas Massacre
In 1532, after raping several hundred nuns of the Temple of the Sun, Hernando de Soto’s men slaughtered the angry Native American residents of Cajas.
Cajamarca, Massacre
In 1532, in Cajamarca, Ecuador, in surprise attack, killing 3,000 unarmed Native Americans, Pizarro’s expedition captured the Incan sovereign, Atahualpa.
Napituca Massacre
In 1539, in Napituca, Florida, after defeating resisting Timucuan Native American warriors, Hernando de Soto had 200 of them executed, in the first large-scale massacre by Europeans on what became American soil.
Mabila Massacre
In 1540, The Choctaw retaliated against Hernando de Soto's expedition, killing 200 soldiers, as well as many of their horses and pigs, for their having burned down Mabila compound and killed c. 2,500 warriors who had hidden in houses of a fake village.
Tiguex Massacres
Between 1540-1541, after the invading Spaniards seized the houses, food & clothing of the Tiguex Native Americans in Mexico, & raped their women, the Tiguex resisted, which led to a Spanish attack that burned 50 Native Americans at the stake who had surrendered. Francisco Vázquez de Coronado’s men then laid siege to the Moho Pueblo, & after a months-long siege, they slaughtered 200 fleeing Native American warriors.
Mabila Massacre
In 1540, in Mabila, Alabama, Hernando de Soto’s expedition burned palisaded Native American town of Mabila.
Acoma Massacre
In 1598, in retaliation for the killing of 11 Spanish soldiers, Juan de Oñate led punitive expedition to slaughter the Native Americans at the Acoma mesa.
